The Anti-inflammatory Effects of Acidic Polysaccharide from Artemisia capillaris on Helicobacter pylori Infection

BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori infection is associated with diverse upper gastrointestinal diseases, such as peptic and duodenal ulcers as well as gastric cancer. Longstanding period of infection impose great risk of H. pylori-related gastric disease, based on the evidence that early childhood infection is responsible for ensuing atrophic gastritis and gastric cancer related to H. pylori infection. Artemisiahas been known to be beneficial for heath for a long time. In spite of well-acknowledged cytoprotective and anti-inflammatory actions of Artemisia, the effects of the acidic polysaccharide fractions on the gastroprotection remain to be investigated. METHODS In the current study, we compared anti-inflammatory actions of the acidic polysaccharide fraction between Artemisia and Panax ginseng against H. pylori infection in vitro. The polysaccharide fractions were pretreated 1 h before H. pylori infection on normal gastric mucosal RGM-1 cells and gastric cancer MKN-28 cells. RT-PCR and Western blot was performed to check anti-inflammatory actions. RESULTS The expressions of inflammatory markers including COX-2, iNOS and IL-8 increased after H. pylori infection, of which levels were significantly decreased when treating with the polysaccharide fractions from Artemisia and ginseng in RGM1 and gastric cancer MKN-28 cells. In addition, the polysaccharide fractions significantly ameliorated H. pylori-induced angiogenic and invasive markers such as HIF-1α and ICAM1. Moreover, H. pylori-induced apoptosis were prevented by pretreatment with the polysaccharide fractions. The polysaccharide fraction from Artemisia showed the most protective effects among the several polysaccharide fractions used in this study. CONCLUSIONS The polysaccharide fraction of Artemisia capillariscan is a candidate substance which can attenuate either H. pylori-induced gastritis or tumorigenesis based on potent anti-inflammatory action.